Epifluorescence microscopy study of a quadruple node of triple junctions of grain boundaries in a Eu2+‐doped Kcl:Kbr solid solution by using the doping ion as a fluorochrome

A typical quadruple node (QN) of triple junctions (TJs) of grain boundaries (GBs) in a Eu²⁺‐doped KCl_0.52Br_0.48 solid solution is investigated from the geometrical point of view by epifluorescence microscopy using the doping ion as a fluorochrome. The excitation and fluorescence optical properties of the fluorochrome were previously characterised by spectrophotometry whereas the structural nature of the studied material as well as its Bravais lattice type, unit cell size and long‐range translational order degree was determined by X‐ray diffraction. A three‐dimensional reconstruction was built from the microscopy images of different optical cross‐sections of the studied arrangement of crystal defects. In the close vicinity of the QN, the studied arrangement of crystal defects adopts the geometry of a collapsed tristetrahedron which, centred at the QN, has its legs along the TJs and, hence, has its faces as collapsed in pairs into the GBs. The angles defined by different TJ couples as well as the dihedral angles defined by the different GB couples meeting in every TJ were measured at the QN site. All, the image recording and stacking as well as the measuring procedures are carefully described. The measured TJ angles (97°, 117°, 95°, 117°, 99° and 130° ± 2°) depart from the characteristic angle (109.47°) of a tetrahedron whereas the measured GB angles (101°, 119°, 140°; 125°, 127°, 108°; 133°, 109°, 119°; 129°, 99° and 132° ± 2°) depart from the angular argument (120°) of a 3‐fold symmetry rotation indicating that, in the close neighbourhood of the QN, the studied arrangement of crystal defects is structurally unstable. Such an instability is associated with an observed mismatch in orientation (by angles of 20°, 15°, 33° and 30° ± 2°) between the TJs and some <111> zone axis matrix lattice crystallographic directions ([], [11], [11] and [11]), respectively). Local variations in anionic composition, existing within the solid solution matrix, are discussed to be responsible for this mismatching and, therefore, for the observed structural instability.     

隐层神经元数对基于神经网络的自相关过程控制的影响

将传统修哈特控制图应用于自动化连续生产过程,经常会引发大量虚发报警。使用神经网络方法对存在相关性的连续生产过程进行研究时,取得了良好效果。本文在使用BP神经网络对自相关过程进行监控的基础之上,对隐层神经元数对于神经网络训练收敛性及识别率的影响进行分析研究。针对一定的输入层神经元数,选择合适的隐层神经元数将极大的改善网络的训练效果并提高网络的识别率。     

Mobile database nodes for manufacturing information management: a STEP based approach

This paper describes research currently being carried out in the area of information management architectures for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). This work originates from the idea that process control may be achieved by machines as in the standard approach but also by all the products carrying their own information. So, distribution of the information system onto each individual product requires tools and methods to manage and to provide access to product information for both automated systems and human operators. Automatic identification technologies using electronic data carriers can provide such functions and act as product information vectors. Our approach is based on the STEP technology to define computer-aided tools for data acquisition and management of product-related information implemented on mobile database nodes circulating in a CIM environment.     

基于电压抗干扰因子与综合影响因子的电网关键节点辨识

针对现有节点辨识方法存在的评价角度单一、指标权重选取过于片面的问题,从抗干扰能力与综合影响力两方面出发,提出一种多层次多角度的电网关键节点辨识方法。基于运行可靠性理论,构建支路停运下的节点电压抗干扰因子,克服了传统节点抗干扰能力评估仅考虑负荷波动的不足;基于电气介数与潮流冲击熵,构建考虑节点社会属性的拓扑结构影响因子与考虑支路容量裕度的运行状态影响因子,综合表征节点影响力;采用灰色关联投影评价模型进行多指标综合,得到了兼顾主观专家偏好与客观数据信息的节点关键度排序。IEEE 30节点系统及某地区实际电网的仿真结果验证了所提方法的全面性和科学性。     

基于谱聚类的无功电压分区和主导节点选择

传统无功电压分区常采用基于潮流运算的聚类算法。该算法计算较复杂,且难以体现出电网拓扑结构。针对这些问题,提出一种基于复杂网络理论的谱聚类无功电压分区新算法。该算法首先基于电网的节点导纳矩阵构建无功电压分区模型,其次利用谱聚类对模型进行分析得到低维度聚类样本,再应用改进的K-means 聚类算法获取分区方案。为了确保分区方案的可行性,基于模块度、无功平衡与无功储备等三个指标建立了一个评价体系,并对分区方案进行校验。为了提高主导节点选择的准确度,引入了程度中心性评价指标。通过IEEE-39节点标准测试系统对算法进行仿真,仿真结果验证了算法的可行性与优越性。     

文物保存环境下低功耗无线监测节点的设计

该文针对无线传感节点在博物馆文物保护领域的应用需求,在对现有的各种节点设计方案的优缺点对比分析基础上,针对性地提出了一种新的功耗控制策略,并完成了基于STM8处理器和Si4432无线收发芯片的低功耗无线传感器监测终端的设计。节点的功耗测试结果表明,本设计方案及其能量控制策略能较好地满足文物保存环境无线监测终端的低功耗应用需求。     

面向数量最少化的双层WSN中继节点部署算法

提出2种算法,目标是在监测区域部署中继节点,以便所有的传感节点都能和至少一个中继节点进行通信,同时保证中继节点数目最小化。整数线性规划最优解算法是对已选择出的CRegions通过数学上的整数线性规划的方法找到部署中继节点的最佳区域;传感网络规模较大时,提出启发式算法,将每一次排序后含传感节点个数最多的集合作为部署区域,经过多次循环排序后近似的找到部署中继节点的最佳位置。最后通过与2个同类算法在相同参数环境下进行仿真实验,比较仿真结果证明整数线性规划最优解算法及启发式算法在覆盖所有传感节点的前提下,部署中继节点最小化的性能较好,并且其部署时间也在可以接受的范围之内。     

基于MATLAB的最大误差双圆弧逼近曲线的算法及实现

分析了不同半径的圆弧与曲率连续单调变化的曲线相切的几何关系，讨论了连续相切圆弧以允差逼近曲线的算法，理论上使得圆弧逼近的段数达到最少，并保证了光滑连接。基于Matlab采用一维搜索和优化相结合的方法进行程序的编制求解节点，算法简单，可靠，数控程序段数少，程序运行更快速高效。     

Simultaneous HPLC quantification of total cholesterol,tocopherols and β-carotene in Barrosã-PDO veal

A simple, rapid and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous determination of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in meat is described. The method involves a direct saponification of the meat, a single n-hexane extraction and the analysis of the extracted compounds by normal-phase HPLC, using fluorescence (tocopherols) and UV–Vis photodiode array (cholesterol and β-carotene) detections in tandem. Rates of recovery of spiked meat samples were 93% for cholesterol, 83–86% for (α-, β- and -γ) tocopherols and 89% for β-carotene. Repeatabilities were high (CV < 6%) for all determined compounds, except for δ-tocopherol. This tocopherol, which is not usually present in meat, showed a much lower recovery percentage (73%) and repeatability (12.8%). This methodology was applied for the quantification of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in three muscles (longissimus thoracis, longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus) of the Portuguese traditional Barrosã-PDO veal, obtained from autochthonous calves fed extensively during summer (with the least abundant green pastures) and slaughtered in early autumn (October). Barrosã-PDO veal showed median contents of total cholesterol (0.50–0.56 mg/g) and, depending on the analysed muscle, moderate to high contents of α-tocopherol (3.3–3.9 μg/g) and β-carotene (0.07–0.09 μg/g), suggesting an high sensorial and hygienic quality.